由联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）与中国农业国际合作促进会（CAPIAC）联合主办的“2022世界农场动物福利与食物健康大会”日前于线上举行，来自中国政府部门、国际机构、多国驻华大使馆、学术界及畜牧企业的代表齐聚直播间，共话“同一福利，同一健康”。

The "2022 World Farm Animal Welfare and Food Health Conference," jointly hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the China Agricultural International Cooperation Promotion Association (CAPIAC), was recently held online. Representatives from Chinese government departments, international organizations, embassies of multiple countries in China, the academic community, and livestock enterprises gathered in the live broadcast room to discuss "same welfare for shared health."

01报告摘要

01 Summary of the Report

全球食物经济与政策研究院院长、中国农业大学教授樊胜根应邀在会上作了《联合国指导下的人类健康饮食消费新方向》的主题报告，指出目前全球食物系统面临的重大问题，并依据联合国的指导方案，提出了目前健康饮食的转型路径。

Fan Shenggen, president of Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy and professor at China Agricultural University, was invited to give a keynote report on "A New Direction for Human Health, Diet, and Consumption under the Guidance of the United Nations," highlighting the major problems faced by the global food system and proposing a transformation path for healthy diets based on the United Nations' guidance.

01全球食物系统面临的多重挑战与重大问题

01 Multiple Challenges and Major Problems Faced by the Global Food System

樊院长介绍，如今食物系统受到外部影响因素的巨大冲击，已不同于过去的产业链。在外部因影响因素中，气候变化是影响未来全人类社会经济、生活方式最重要的一个严重的挑战。此外地区冲突、能源危机、石油价格上涨、新冠疫情，每一项都会对全球的农食系统进行冲击，而它们叠加时就会对食物系统形成巨大的风暴。

Fan introduced that the food system is now experiencing significant external impacts that differ from the past industrial chains. Among these external factors, climate change is the most significant challenge affecting the future socioeconomic and lifestyle of all human beings. In addition, regional conflicts, energy crises, rising oil prices, and the COVID-19 pandemic all impact the global food and agricultural system, with their combined effects creating a huge storm for the food system.

这场风暴导致现在距离2015年在联合国范围内提出的“2030年消除饥饿”的可持续发展目标相差甚远，根据目前的趋势已不可能达成目标。

This storm has made it difficult to achieve the sustainable development goal of "eliminating hunger by 2030," proposed by the United Nations in 2015.

此外全球范围内的饮食习惯也加剧了温室气体的排放与食物生产重心的转移，每年因不健康饮食导致超800万人死亡，我国对于水果、深色蔬菜的消费也远远不足。

Furthermore, dietary habits worldwide exacerbate greenhouse gas emissions and the shift of food production centers. Unhealthy diets cause over 8 million deaths each year, and China's consumption of fruits and dark vegetables is still far from enough.

02联合国指导下的人类健康饮食消费新分享

02 New Directions for Human Health and Diet under the Guidance of the United Nations

联合国为改善中国的农食系统和消费，在2021全球食物系统峰会上提出了“五个行动轨道”，其中一个轨道就是转向可持续的消费模式，最关键的是确保每个人都有安全，营养的膳食。

The United Nations proposed "five action tracks" to improve China's food and agricultural system and consumption at the 2021 Global Food Systems Summit, one of which is to shift towards sustainable consumption patterns, with a focus on ensuring safe and nutritious diets for all.

从碳排放的角度讲，农食系统在未来的碳排放减排潜力非常大，不仅要保护自然生态系统也要着手改变膳食习惯。全球出现的几种健康的膳食模中，“EAT--柳叶刀膳食”倡导让人吃得健康、吃得营养、吃得环保，这是第一次“吃得环保”概念被提出。2019年联合国的粮食与农业组织推荐了可持续健康膳食蓝图，提到了关于红肉的摄入减少、动物多样性的保护以及抗生素与激素的减少等与动物保护有关的战略。

From the perspective of carbon emissions, the agricultural and food systems have great potential for carbon emissions reduction in the future, which not only requires the protection of natural ecosystems but also the change of dietary habits. Among the various healthy dietary patterns that have emerged globally, "EAT-Lancet Diet" advocates for healthy, nutritious, and environmentally friendly eating, and for the first time, the concept of "environmentally friendly eating" has been proposed. In 2019, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recommended a sustainable and healthy diet blueprint, which included strategies related to animal protection, such as reducing red meat intake, protecting animal diversity, and reducing the use of antibiotics and hormones.

因此推动动物的福利与健康的膳食可以协同发展，农场动物的福利受到损害的时候，环境就会退化，动物的肉类质量就会下降，安全受到影响，人类的健康也会受到影响.

Therefore, promoting animal welfare and healthy diets can be developed in synergy, as when the welfare of farm animals is compromised, the environment degrades, the quality of animal meat declines, safety is affected, and human health is also affected.

03推动人类健康饮食的转型路径

03 Transformative Pathways to Promote Human Health Diets

一是改进食品加工。他表示加工过程中应减糖、减盐、减脂肪，且而对于过分加工的食品应立法，加标签，让大家认识到过分加工的食品不利于健康，不利于环境。

First, improve food processing. He said that sugar, salt, and fat should be reduced in the food process, and legislation should be enacted for excessively processed foods, with labeling to make people aware that overly processed foods are not good for health or the environment.

二是膳食多样化。食物的多样性可以改善营养，提升食物系统的韧性，可以促进小农生产。小农生产是多样化的，非洲有些地方一个农民可以种十种植物，养五到六种动物，这种多样性有利于资源的充分利用。而过度集中养殖会损害动物的权益和动物的福利。

Second, diversify diets. Food diversity can improve nutrition, enhance food system resilience, and promote smallholder production. Smallholder production is diversified, and in some parts of Africa, a farmer can grow ten plants and raise five to six animals, which is beneficial for the full utilization of resources. However, excessive concentration of animal farming will harm animal rights and welfare.

三是发展替代蛋白。随着工业化、城市化的发展，豆制品在饮食里面的比重越来越少。如果将红肉蛋白通过大豆、豆类直接替代，这将对消费者的健康有利，对环境有利，对动物福利也有利。另外，人造肉也是一种替代方式，虽然人造肉近来受到资本推崇但是细胞肉的成本很高，能源消耗也好大，他认为科技的投入也很关键。

Third, develop alternative proteins. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, the proportion of soy products in the diet is decreasing. If red meat protein is directly replaced by soybeans and other legumes, it will be beneficial for consumers' health, the environment, and animal welfare. In addition, lab-grown meat is also a replacement option, although the cost and energy consumption of cultured meat are high, he believes that investment in technology is also crucial.

04食物系统的转型路径

04 Transformation path of food system

他提到，做好食物系统的转型一是政府要考虑协调整个生物系统的领导小组和机制；二是科学上进行投资，鼓励创新；三是调整农业支持政策；四是增加基础设施投资；五是推动制度改革；六是建立现代农产品流通体系；七是权衡农业增长目标和可持续发展；八是完善社会保障体系；九是加强国际合作改善世界粮食安全。

He mentioned that to do a good job in the transformation of the food system, first, the government needs to consider coordinating the leadership group and mechanism of the entire biosystem; second, to invest in science and encourage innovation; third, to adjust agricultural support policies; fourth, to increase infrastructure investment; fifth, to promote institutional reform; sixth, to establish a modern agricultural product distribution system; seventh, to balance agricultural growth goals and sustainable development; eighth, to improve the social security system; and ninth, to strengthen international cooperation to improve world food security.