11月26日,在2022世界农场动物福利与食物健康大会上,世界银行东亚与太平洋地区农业全球实践部高级科学家Sitaramachandra Machiraju以主题《预防东亚和太平洋地区的疾病大流行风险》作了专题报告。提出必须重视环境卫生,构建健康的食物和营养机制,保障良好的动物福利。通过评估疫病风险、提高专业人员能力水平、使用最先进科学技术、采取预防措施,防止未来大流行病的发生。
26 November- At the 2022 World Conference on Farm Animal Welfare, Sitaramachandra Machiraju, Senior Agriculture Economist in the East Asia and Pacific Region of the World Bank, gave a keynote speech entitled "Preventing Pandemic Risks in East Asia and the Pacific Region". He proposed the importance of prioritizing environmental health, building a healthy food and nutrition system, and ensuring good animal welfare. He also emphasized on the necessity to prevent future pandemics by assessing disease risks, improving the skills of professionals, using advanced scientific technology, and taking preventative measures.
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报告摘要
Report Abstract
他指出,预防未来流行病成本最低的方法是从源头采取行动。病毒可以从野生动物传播到家养动物,再从家养动物传播到人类。如果病毒发现及时,并且进行监测,防治成本就会低很多。一旦病毒溢出,疫病就会迅速升级,治理成本将大幅度上升。如果把工作重点放在预防方面,并制定应对措施,将在很大程度抑制疾病大流行。
Machiraju pointed out that the lowest-cost method of preventing future pandemics is to take action at the source. Viruses can be transmitted via wild animals to domestic animals and then to humans. If viruses are detected and monitored in a timely manner, the cost of prevention and control will be much lower. Once the virus spreads, the cost of treatment will increase significantly. By focusing on prevention and developing countermeasures, the spread of pandemics can be significantly reduced.
他对关注清洁、环境卫生、牲畜的圈舍、贸易、物流等同一健康的福利措施进行了阐述,提出建立兽医认证和可追溯性的机制。全球50%的抗生素用于东亚和太平洋地区,因此必须要严格控制抗生素的使用。如果更多地关注动物健康和卫生,保障动物福利,抗生素使用将会大幅度减少。
He also elaborated on measures such as hygiene, environmental health, livestock housing, trade, and logistics that contribute to the overall welfare of animals. He proposed the establishment of veterinary certification and traceability mechanisms. Since 50% of antibiotics are used in East Asia and the Pacific region, it is essential to strictly control the use of antibiotics. By paying more attention to animal health and hygiene while ensuring animal welfare, the use of antibiotics can be significantly reduced.
到2050年,疾病负担和全球抗菌成本负担可能将达万亿美元。减少人畜共患病风险是非常复杂的,涉及到各个部门,比如环境、农业、畜牧业和公共卫生等。为预防东亚和太平洋地区的疾病大流行,他提出了四个应对策略:
By 2050, the burden of disease and global antibiotic costs may reach trillions of dollars. Reducing the risk of zoonotic diseases is complex and involves various sectors, such as the environment, agriculture, livestock farming, and public health. To prevent pandemics in East Asia and the Pacific, Machiraju proposed four strategies:
一、防止人畜共患病的溢出
Preventing the overflow of zoonotic diseases
坚持人与自然和谐共生,保护动物(尤其是野生动物),保护自然生态系统,大型基础设施的建设不能破坏生态环境,加强野生动物监测,强化潜在大流行病预警。
Advocate for harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Protect animals (especially wild animals), protect natural ecosystems, ensure that the construction of large-scale infrastructure does not harm the ecological environment, strengthen the monitoring of wild animals, and strengthen potential pandemic warnings.
二、加强动物健康和福利
Strengthen animal health and welfare
围绕更安全的食品系统,改善农场的生活安全,促进良好的农业实践,建立可追溯系统,加强动物部门健康监测。
Focus on the goal for a safer food system, improve the living safety of farms, promote good agricultural practices, establish a traceability system, and strengthen animal health monitoring.
三、开展早期检测和疾病预防
Early detection and disease prevention
构建卫生监管机构、市场参与者和社区之间沟通机制,建立监测哨点和监测实验室网络,采取预防行动。利用科学研究,开展预测分析,构建风险模型,让行动有目的和方向感,为预防未来的大流行病做好准备;加强立法和政策制定,积极参与国际规划和标准制定。
Establish communication mechanisms between health regulatory agencies, market participants, and communities, establish monitoring checkpoints and laboratory networks, and take preventative actions. Use scientific research to conduct predictive analysis, build risk models, and prepare for future pandemics with targeted and directional actions; strengthen legislation and policy development, and actively participate in international planning and standard-setting.
四、提高专业人员能力水平
Improve the skills of professionals
加强对专业人员的同一健康系统的管理和学习,积极参与粮农组织、世界卫生组织,世界动物健康组织和联合国环境规划署等组织培训项目。
Strengthen the management and learning of professionals in the same health system, and actively participate in training programs organized by organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Health Organization, the World Animal Health Organization, and the United Nations Environment Program.
他呼吁,东亚和太平洋地区应尽早加强国际合作,在标准协调、监测资源共享和通信信息共享等方面开展跨境合作,强化区域协同,助力各国家系统地预防疾病大流行发生。
He called for the implementation of these strategies to prevent future pandemics and ensure the overall health of animals and humans in the East Asia and Pacific region.